Your gateway to comprehensive financial knowledge with more than 2000 financial and economic terms
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Cryptocurrency
A decentralized digital currency that uses cryptographic technology for secure transactions and control of new units.
Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) Factors
Factors related to a company's environmental, social, and governance practices, which can influence its credit rating and financial performance.
Delay Penalty
A financial fine imposed by the government body on the contractor or supplier in case of a delay.
Term
The length of time or duration associated with a financial instrument, such as the maturity of a bond or the repayment period of a loan.
Investment-Grade Spread
The additional yield or interest rate required by investors for bonds with credit ratings below the highest investment-grade ratings. It reflects the added risk associated with lower-rated bonds.
Economic Base
The core industries and sectors that drive a region’s economy and generate employment.
Liquidity Trap
A situation in which monetary policy becomes ineffective because interest rates are already near zero, and people prefer holding cash.
Bridge Loan
A short-term loan providing temporary financing until permanent funding is secured.
Rules for Special Purposes Entities
The Rules for Special Purposes Entities issued by the Board of the Capital Market Authority.
Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations
Securities offering regulations and post-issuance continuing obligations framework for public companies.
Value for Money
An assessment to ensure that a Private Sector Participation (PSP) project provides better economic efficiency and service quality compared to traditional public sector procurement.
Staffing Table
The approved job hierarchy of the government entity, consisting of several ladders including civil, military, health, educational, and other positions. The cadre reflects the number of authorized positions for each grade.
Banking System Regulation
The set of rules and regulations imposed by government authorities to oversee and manage the operations of banks and financial institutions.
Real Estate Investment Funds Regulation
The Real Estate Investment Funds Regulation issued by the Board of the Capital Market Authority.
Capital Market Institutions Regulations
The Capital Market Institutions Regulations issued by the Board of the Capital Market Authority.
Institutions
Entities that operate, often in the public or private sector, responsible for various functions, services, or governance.
Fiscal Index
A indicator used to assess the financial health, performance, or fiscal condition of an entity, often by evaluating key financial metrics or ratios.
Capital Market Institution
A Capital authorized by the Capital Market Authority (CMA) to carry out securities business.
Volatilities Index (VIX)
A measure of expected stock market volatility, often referred to as the "fear index."
Banking System Indicator (BSI)
The Banking System measure is not a standard term, but it may refer to an indicator used to assess the health or stability of a banking system. It typically involves various financial metrics.
Initiative
A new plan or project aimed at addressing a specific issue or opportunity.
Original Collected Amount
Revenues that have been collected from the government entity for economic classification.
Interest Rate Swap
A financial agreement where two parties exchange interest rate payments, one at a fixed rate and the other at a floating rate.
International Diversified Pool (IDP)
A diversified portfolio of international investments, often used in the context of asset management.
Invoice Accounting Basis
The primary method for calculating and declaring value-added tax based on the date on which each supply occurred.
Credit Risk
The potential for a borrower to default on their financial obligations, resulting in a loss of principal or interest for the lender or investor. It is a key consideration in lending and investing.
Spread Risk
The risk that the spread, or the difference in yields between two financial instruments (e.g., corporate bonds and government bonds), may change, affecting the value of an investment.
Financial Claim Period in Days
The claim period in days from the date of creation until the approval or cancellation of payment orders.
Inventories
Assets in the form of materials or supplies that will be consumed in the production process, in the provision of services, held for sale or distribution in the ordinary course of business, or in the process of production for sale or distribution.
Pre-Audit
An evaluation or inspection conducted before a project, financial transaction, or process takes place to ensure that it complies with established standards or requirements.
Royal Decree
An official document expresses the king's will for approval on any subject that has been viewed by Saudi Cabinet and Shura Council.
Cybersecurity Operation Center
A facility or team responsible for monitoring, detecting, and responding to security and cyber threats and incidents in real-time.
Floating Rate Murabaha (FRM)
A financial instrument compliant with Islamic finance principles, used for Islamic financing and investment activities, typically featuring variable profit rates.
Exchange Control
Auditing and approval on the financial transaction documents before and after disbursement.
Cybersecurity Resilience
An organization's ability to withstand and recover from cyber events.
Cross Elasticity of Demand
A measure of how the demand for one product changes in response to a price change in another product.
Substantial Shareholder
A person holding (5%) or more of the class of shares of the issuer.
Key Private Sector Participation (PSP) Projects
Projects whose full implementation achieves all the objectives of the privatization plan, and failure to implement them will result in failure to achieve those objectives.
Main Private Sector Participation (PSP) Projects
Projects whose full implementation will achieve most of the privatization plan’s targets, and failure to implement them will result in a failure to achieve those targets.
Payable Fees for Foreign Dependents
An expatriate levy on all foreign nationals in Saudi Arabia who are sponsoring dependents.
Subcontractor
A contractor who is awarded some works of the contract by the main contractor after the approval of the government entity.
Control of Corruption
An evaluation of the presence or absence of corrupt practices within a country's government and institutions, which can impact transparency and economic performance.
Project Management Office
An organizational entity established within a government entity to plan and manage its project portfolio, contributing to the achievement of its strategic objectives.
Discount Rate
The interest rate used to determine the present value of future cash flows in finance and central banking.
Negative Interest Rate
A monetary policy tool where interest rates are set below zero to encourage spending.
Benchmark
a standard or reference point against which the performance or characteristics of investments, funds, or financial instruments are measured.
Bidder
The company or consortium of companies that submits a bid in response to an Request for Proposal (RFP).
Transfer of State Properties
The transfer of an allocated property from one entity to another by the authorized agency.
Structured Product
A security or other asset resulting from a securitization transaction or scheme or similar structure.
Securities Crowdfunding Platform
An electronic platform for securities crowdfunding at a capital market institution authorized to carry out arranging activity.
Contract Disbursement to Date
All disbursements from the date of registration at Etimad Platform to present.
Revised Budget
The approved amount for disbursement at the state, sector, and agency levels for the budget year, after any adjustments, whether by reduction or increase, through transfers or reinforcements.
Prospectus
The document required to offer securities in the Main Market or in the Parallel Market in accordance with the Capital Market Law and the Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
A financial metric measuring a company's leverage by comparing its total debt to shareholders' equity.
Cash Ratio
A financial measure that assesses a company's liquidity by measuring the ratio of cash and cash equivalents to the company's current liabilities.
Law
A set of basic regulations and instructions in a form of articles to organize the work.
Real Investment Growth
The actual increase in investments or capital expenditures made by a company or industry, indicating the expansion and development of productive assets.
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