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Budget Scenario by Ceiling
A financial plan in which the total appropriations requested for the next year in the forms must not exceed the initial ceiling value of the amount allocated to the entity, provided that it includes the entity’s inevitable expenses.
Exchange Rules
The regulations, rules, procedures and instructions proposed by the Board of Directors of the Exchange and approved by the Board of the Capital Market Authority.
External Reclassification
A reallocation between an entity’s budget items, such as from a program, project, expenditure, or other budgetary categories.
Internal Reclassification
A reallocation between an entity’s budget items within the same category, such as from one program to another, or from one project to another.
Government Gross Public Debt
The total outstanding debt of a government, including both domestic and external debt, before considering assets or debt held by government agencies.
Public Debt Management
Strategies used by governments to handle public debt effectively.
Exchange of Information Agreement
An agreement to improve international tax compliance, which provides for the exchange of financial accounts information on a regular basis.
Interest Rates
A percentage that represents the cost or return generated by a loan or certain saving instruments.
Financial Statements
Are formal reports that present an organization's financial performance, position, and cash flows, including the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
Tax
An obligatory financial deduction from a normal or legal person who pays the state free amount of money in order to achieve public benefit.
Dividend Yield
A financial ratio that indicates how much a company pays in dividends relative to its stock price.
Budget Surplus or Deficit
The difference between revenues and expenditures. When revenues are higher than expenditures, the budget surplus is achieved, while the budget deficit is when expenditures exceed the revenues.
Operating Expenses
Total government spending on wages, salaries, allowances, purchase of goods and services, maintenance of fixed assets, social security programs, government support, grants, subsidies, and other operating expenses.
Government Entity-Specific Framework Agreement
A formal agreement between a specific government entity and one or more suppliers, contractors, or service providers, containing the terms and conditions of contracts to be awarded during a specified period, typically limited to meeting the specific needs of that government entity only.
Tax Refund
A refund request is submitted by the taxpayer or a representative with an official power of attorney. The Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority shall review the request, verify the existence of excess amounts paid by the taxpayer, and complete the procedures for refunding those amounts within thirty days from the date the Authority receives the request.
Collateral
Collateral, for the purposes of the Client Money Rules and Client Assets Rules, means money or an asset which has been paid for in full by a client and which is held by the Capital Market Institution or under its charge, either for its own account or under the terms of a deposit, pledge or other pledge arrangement.
Capital
The financial resources, assets, or funds available to individuals, businesses, or governments, which can be used for investment, operations, or as a financial cushion.
Default Probability
A measure of the likelihood that a borrower will default on its debt obligations. It is often expressed as a percentage and is used by investors to gauge risk.
Debt Capital Markets
A division of investment banking responsible for raising capital through the issuance and trading of debt securities.
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