Your gateway to comprehensive financial knowledge with more than 2000 financial and economic terms
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Risk Management
The process of identifying and assessing financial risks, and establishing the necessary measures to avoid them, mitigate, or minimize their impact.
Adjusted Provision
Approved amount for spending on public expenditures, programs, and projects of a budgetary year after adjustment either to be increased or to be decreased by reclassifications or reinforcement in a fiscal year.
Credit Against Revenue
Amount approved in the budget, which is funded by entity’s revenue.
Payment Order
Prepared by government agencies to disburse financial dues to individuals, government agencies, or the private sector via a transfer or check.
Government Spending
The total amounts that the government spends on public services, infrastructure, and social welfare.
Receivable Revenue
Revenue owed by others to the state treasury that has not been collected
Cash Flow
The movement of money in and out of a business or individual's finances, typically categorized into cash flow from operations, financing, and investing activities.
Audit Plan
A systematic approach that defines the objectives, scope, procedures, and timeline of the financial audit.
Property
A plot of land, building, facility or real estate unit with specific descriptions that is owned by virtue of a title deed.
Opening Financial Position Statement
A first-time adopter’s statement of financial position at the date of adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSASs).
Reclassification Amounts
Amounts to be reclassified by decision from (workers’ compensation, goods and services, programs, and projects) by entity's budget.
Private Sector Participation (PSP) Project
A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) project, a Divestment Project, or both, depending on the context.
Actual Disbursements
Actual disbursement of the entity's financial provisions during the current fiscal year.
Profit Margin
A financial metric that shows the percentage of revenue that remains as profit after expenses.
Royalty
Payment or payments received for the use of or the right to use intellectual rights, including, but not limited to, copyright, patents, designs, industrial secrets, trademarks and trade names, know-how, trade and business secrets, goodwill, and payments received against the use of information related to industrial, commercial or scientific expertise, or against granting the right to exploit natural and mineral resources.
Debt Instrument
Tradeable instrument creating or acknowledging indebtedness issued by companies, the government, public institutions or public organizations.
Indirect Financial Impact
The financial benefits resulting from initiatives that help avoid future costs, without directly affecting approved budget items.
Amortization
The systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an intangible asset over its useful life.
Mortgage-Backed Security (MBS)
Investment financial instruments backed by a pool of mortgage loans that are bundled together and converted into tradable securities in financial markets.
Financial Technology (Fintech)
New technology that seeks to improve and automate the delivery and use of financial services.
Final Guarantee
A guarantee submitted by the contractor or supplier, whom the competition has been awarded, to prove to the government entity that it is willing to do the work according to the terms of the contract.
Net Book Value
The carrying value of capital assets as reported on the commercial books, according to the accounting principles generally accepted in the Kingdom.
Contract Value
The costs of the registration of contract in Etimad (the costs of the original contract in new contracts, or the remining of the contract costs when registered on Etimad for existing contracts).
Listing Rules
Listing Rules and Requirements established by the Exchange for regulating corporate securities listing procedures
Implementing Regulation
The necessary detailed rules that interpret the provisions of the law and serve as a reference guide when formulating policies and regulations within the establishment.
Grant
Cash or in-kind transfers from one governmental unit or international organization to another governmental unit or international organization.
Debt
An amount of money borrowed by an individual, organization, or government that is typically required to be repaid with interest at a future date.
Item Name
Name of revenue, expense, program or project that illustrates the nature of the economic activity (salaries, allowances, maintenance and cleaning, construction and restoration, or other).
Economic Impact
The effect of economic activities, policies, or events on businesses, industries, and individuals.
Government Reserves
The funds held by the government at the Saudi Central Bank to provide a financial buffer for emergencies and support the sustainability of public finances in the medium and long term.
Wealth Management
Professional financial services that help individuals grow and protect their wealth.
Investment
Spending on capital assets over a period of time, in order to achieve a net increase in the real capital of the Saudi economy. The investment is either made by individuals or companies or financed by governments.
Subsidies
Current transfers paid by government units to project either based on their production activates or quantities or values of the goods or services they produce, sell or import, including transfers to public companies.
Documentary Credits
Credits opened by the Saudi Central Bank with its correspondents abroad based on instructions issued by the Ministry of Finance to implement specific purposes.
Saudi Central Bank
The entity responsible for formulating and implementing monetary policies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the aim of supporting price stability and enhancing financial stability.
Insurance
A contract in which one party (the insurer) agrees to provide financial protection or compensation to another party (the insured) in the event of specified risks or losses.
Allocation
Placing any state property at the disposal of a government agency to achieve a public service or benefit.
Credit Rating
An assessment issued by a specialized agency to measure the borrowing entity's — whether a country or a company — ability to meet its financial obligations and repay its debts on time. It estimates the financial solvency of the country or company.
Covering Non-Oil Revenues From the Total Budget
This indicator measures the ratio of non-oil revenue to total government spending to track the coverage of more sustainable and stable revenues, such as taxes, fees, and fines, for estimated expenditure requirements and to reduce dependence on oil revenue.
Loan Creditor
An entity or individual that provides funds to a borrower in the form of a loan and is owed repayment, often with interest, by the borrower.
Bonds
Bonds are debt securities issued by governments, corporations, or other entities to raise capital. Bondholders receive regular interest payments and the return of principal at maturity.
Goods
All types of material property (material assets), including water and all forms of power including electricity, gas, lighting, heating, cooling and air conditioning.
Goods and Services
The total value of goods and services purchased by a government sector to be used in the production process or acquired for resale, less the net change in stocks of those goods and services.
Approved Liquidity
The amount approved with the issuance of the budget for spending on general expenditures, programs and projects for the budget year.
Contract
An official contract document between the contractor and the government agency.
Interest
The return or cost of borrowing money for a specific period of time, calculated as a percentage of the original amount (principal).
Allocation Decision
A decision issued by an authorized person in the relevant authority regarding placing a state property at the disposal of a specific entity.
Annual Interest Rate (APR)
A measure of the cost of borrowing expressed as a percentage, including interest rate and additional fees or costs.
Type of Financial Request
The type of financial claims issued, including: contract claims, trust and advance claims, exceptional claims, billing claims ...etc.
Capacity and Demand Methodology
An analytical tool and approach used to assess the feasibility of a proposed project by studying and calculating the current and future demand for a specific asset category, as well as the current and future asset capacity. It identifies gaps by determining the difference between demand and capacity.
Fiscal Support
Government financial aid to boost economic activity, such as subsidies or stimulus packages.
Capital Assets
Tangible and intangible assets that form part of a business's assets and are intended for long-term use as a business tool or investment vehicle.
Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDOs)
Financial instruments backed by a pool of loans, often mortgages or corporate debt.
Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO)
A type of collateralized debt obligation (CDO) that is created using derivatives and financial instruments, rather than actual physical assets or loans.
Direct Financial Impact
The difference between the actual cost before conducting the study and issuing recommendations, and the realized cost after the approval and implementation of the recommendations.
Retained Earnings
The portion of a company's profits that is retained and not distributed as dividends.
Capitalization Issue
An offer of further shares to existing shareholders, fully paid up out of the issuer’s reserves, in proportion to existing shareholders holdings.
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