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Traded Security
Marketable investments that can be easily bought and sold in Exchange.
Tariff Description
Description of an article or product in accordance with the terminology used in the tariff nomenclature.
Tax Agent
A person appointed by a resident taxable person to act on behalf of that taxable person and carry out activities that create legal obligations for the appointing party by virtue of the authorization.
Export Credit Agency (ECA)
A government or quasi-government institution that provides financial assistance, insurance, or guarantees to support a country's exports and international trade.
Paying Agent
A financial institution or entity responsible for making payments to bondholders or shareholders on behalf of an issuer, often in the case of bonds or dividend payments.
Basis of Zakat Calculation
Corporate zakat calculations generally rely on general accounting principles and standards. Sharia-compliant zakat concepts can be applied to companies that prepare financial statements in accordance with the accounting principles followed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, while ensuring that the taxpayer adheres to the presentation and disclosure standards and the accuracy of these statements.
Economic Stability
An economic condition characterized by relatively stable economic growth, with low and stable inflation rates, and relatively low unemployment rates, which helps avoid sharp fluctuations or unjustified increases in prices or unemployment. Economic stability is measured through indicators such as economic growth rate, inflation index, and unemployment rate.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is the practice of defending computers, servers, devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks and from any penetration, disruption, modification, access, use, or illegal exploitation. The concept of Cyber Security includes information security, electronic security, digital security and so.
Substituted Demerger
A type of Demerger process where the Listed Company makes an offer to its shareholders to exchange their parent shares which will be acquired by the Listed Company as treasury shares, in exchange for all or a portion of the shares of the spun-off entity/ new entity to be formed to hold the asset.
Actual Pay
The base pay plus all other accrued increases determined for the employee in exchange for efforts made at work, or for risks associated with the performance of work, or as determined by the Employer for work performed under the employment contract or the employment regulation system.
Debt-Based Debt Instrument
A debt instrument issued by a special purpose entity that provides that the holders of the debt instrument are entitled to returns that are not dependent on the returns earned on the assets of the special purpose entity, that the sponsor is obligated (whether by guarantee or otherwise) to the holders of the debt instrument to pay them amounts due under the debt instrument, and that the nominal value of the debt instrument is paid to the holders of the debt instrument on or before the maturity date of the debt instrument.
Asset-Backed Debt Instrument
A debt instrument issued by a special purposes entity where the entitlement of holders of the debt instrument to a return is wholly dependent on the returns generated by the special purposes entity’s assets; and the sponsor is not obliged to the holders of the debt instrument (whether by guarantee or otherwise) to pay any amounts due on the debt instrument.
Bidding Method
Determining the type of competition, which can either be an open competition for offering the government entity's needs to all suppliers and contractors without specification, or a limited competition: inviting a specified number of contractors and suppliers to fulfill the government entity's needs.
Intangible Assets
Non-cash assets, without physical substance, capable of providing the firm with services or benefits in the future, and in which the firm has acquired the right as a result of events that have occurred or operations that have been completed in the past. Intangible assets could be separately identifiable (could be separated from other assets), such as formation costs, trademarks, copyrights, industrial samples and designs, franchises and licenses. Intangible assets could also be unidentifiable in a separate manner such as goodwill, management skills and qualifications, and other factors which constitute the reputation.
Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP)
One of the programs of Saudi Vision 2030. It aims to diversify sources of income, increase the culture of saving, and provide various financing methods and investment projects. It also plays a fundamental and essential role in transforming the Saudi financial sector into a powerhouse for economic growth and diversification, through the establishment of a vibrant and efficient financial sector.
Electronic Notes/E-Invoice Modifications
Debit and credit notes that must be issued in accordance with the VAT Law and its Implementing Regulation, and which are issued in a structured electronic format through electronic means. Paper notes that are converted into electronic format through copying, scanning, or any other method, are not considered electronic notes for the purposes of this Regulation.
Budget Preparation Escalation Plan
A plan aimed at controlling the implementation of any request submitted to the ministry, for example the state’s general budget preparation project, to be done in a correct manner and within the specified time frame. The escalation plan includes the procedures followed and the models used to implement these actions, such as escalation letters.
Public Goods
Products that are not provided in a purely free market are those that have two special characteristics: non-rivalry which means that consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount available to others, and non-excludability which means that once the good (or service) is provided, individuals cannot be prevented from consuming it even if they do not pay for it.
Equity Securities
Any financial instrument issued by a legal entity, representing a legal ownership or financial right of a person in that entity or its project. This includes shares, equity stakes, and any document representing participation in the capital or entitlement to profits or part thereof, and some of these instruments, such as contribution bonds, may be tradable.
Control
In the Merger & Acquisition regulations, in the ability to influence the actions or decisions of another person, whether directly or indirectly (excluding indirect ownership of shares through swap arrangements or through an investment fund whose unit owner have no discretion in its investment decisions), individually or collectively with a person or persons acting in concert, through holding (directly or indirectly) 30% or more of the voting rights in a company. moreover, “controller” shall be construed accordingly.
Appointed Person
An Appointed Person, weather he was administrator, personal representative, executor of a will, receiver or liquidator who has been appointed legally to administer, manage, liquidate or wind up the affairs of a Taxable Person including a deceased natural Person. The appointed person shall notify the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) in writing of the appointment within twenty days of the date of the appointment.
(Value Added Tax)VA Certificate of Registration
An official document issued by the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) that confirms the establishment's registration in the Value Added Tax system and authorizes it to engage in activities subject to tax. It includes: the name of the taxpayer, his account number (VAT Tax Identification Number which must be shown in tax invoices), and the effective date of registration. Each VAT certificate contains a special number.
Financing Transaction
The transaction under which a special purposes entity raises finance by the issue of debt instruments, including the acquisition, transfer or other use of assets required to generate amounts due under the terms of those debt instruments, and the issue of the debt instruments itself.
Real Estate Transaction Tax
An indirect tax imposed on all transactions under which a legal effect resulted in the form of transferring the right of ownership of the real estate or possession of it for the purpose of owning it, or the possession of its benefit from one person to another; transactions may be based on an agreement between the two parties such as selling or based on the independent freewill of the owner such as a devisor’s will.
Open-Ended Investment Fund
An investment fund with changing capital, the units of which would increase with the issuance of new units, and decrease with redemption by unitholders of some or all of their units. Unitholders are entitled to redeem the value of their units at their net asset value on dealing days set in the Fund’s Terms And Conditions in accordance with the Investment Funds Regulations.
Offer
In the Mergers and Acquisitions Regulations, “offer” means any public offer subject to the Mergers and Acquisitions Regulations and made to all holders of voting shares in the offeree company, excluding offers made by the same company as the offeree, for either of the following purposes: to purchase voting shares in the offeree company, or to effect a merger with the offeree company. Any reference in the Mergers and Acquisitions Regulations to the term “offer” or “potential offer” means any of the following: a merger or potential merger; an offer and a partial offer for the purpose of control; a potential offer or a potential partial offer for the purpose of control; or a partial offer or a potential partial offer not for the purpose of control.
Independent Board Member
In the Capital Market Institutions Regulations, a non-executive member of the board of directors is a member who enjoys full independence in position and decisions, and to whom none of the circumstances negating independence stipulated in paragraph (c) of Article 53 of the Capital Market Institutions Regulations applies.
Oversight Controls
The procedures implemented by the entity and its employees as an internal control tool to reduce and mitigate risks that may affect the achievement of objectives, which includes procedures and controls that are implemented on all administrative levels, operations, inputs and outputs of all kinds.
Offeror
In the Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations, a person who makes an offer or invites another person to make an offer that, if accepted, would result in the issuance or sale of securities by that person or by another party with whom arrangements have been made for the issuance or sale of the securities; and in the Merger and Acquisition Regulations, a person who makes or intends to make a takeover offer subject to the Merger and Acquisition Regulations.
Finance Lease Contract
A finance lease contract established between the lessor and the lessee under which the lessor is obligated to transfer the leased asset, either owned by the lessor or obtained from the supplier, to the lessee's possession for use, provided that ownership of the asset is transferred to the lessee, or the lessee has the option to purchase the asset after a specified period, and to settle the obligations agreed upon between the contracting parties.
Rating Category
A rating symbol, such as a letter or numerical symbol which might be accompanied by appending identifying characters, used in a credit rating to provide a relative measure of risk to distinguish the different risk characteristics of the types of rated entities, securities or other assets.
Current Account Surplus
A surplus that occurs when a country's revenues from exports (goods, services, and transfers) and income received from abroad exceed its expenditures on imports of goods, services, and other financial payments (such as interest on debt or remittance payments to foreign countries).
Offer Period
The period from announcing a confirmed intention to provide an offer until the offer becomes unconditional as to acceptance, or until the extraordinary general assembly issues a decision to the offeror, as the case may be, and the offeree company in case of acquisition by an offer to exchange securities against the total shares of the offeree company.
Place of Effective Management
The place where the most important commercial and administrative decisions necessary for the conduct of a person's business are made, or the place where decisions are made by senior management, such as the board of directors, or the place where the general direction of the business is determined.
Income-Generating Expenses
Regular and necessary expenses, whether paid or due, incurred during the tax year to earn a taxable income. These expenses are eligible for deduction when calculating the tax base except for any capital expenditures and other expenses that are not subject to deduction under the income tax law and its implementing regulation.
Place of Actual Consumption
The place where the customer actually consumes the goods, either within the framework of the supply of electricity, gas, oil, water, and other public services through the pipeline distribution system. The Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority considers the actual place of consumption to be the registered location, or the delivery point where the goods are delivered.
Ownership and Control of Capital and Voting rights
One of the requirements for forming a tax group is that each legal person must be directly or indirectly controlled by the same person, or by a group of persons, either: by owning (50%) or more of the capital of each legal person who is a member of the tax group to be formed, or by owning (50%) or more of the ownership rights or voting rights of each legal person who is a member of the tax group to be formed.
Ultimate Parent Entity of Multinational Enterprise (MNE) Group
An entity that is a member of a multinational enterprise group and that: directly or indirectly owns sufficient shares in one or more entities belonging to that group to be required to prepare consolidated financial statements in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in its country of tax residence, or would be required to prepare them if its shares were publicly traded in the financial market of its country of tax residence.
Fund Sub-Manager
A third party contracted by a fund manager, under a contract, in accordance with the Investment Funds Regulations and the Real Estate Investment Funds Regulations, and takes on the fund manager’s behalf all or part of the investment decisions for an investment fund managed by the fund manager.
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