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Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is the practice of defending computers, servers, devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks and from any penetration, disruption, modification, access, use, or illegal exploitation. The concept of Cyber Security includes information security, electronic security, digital security and so.
Substituted Demerger
A type of Demerger process where the Listed Company makes an offer to its shareholders to exchange their parent shares which will be acquired by the Listed Company as treasury shares, in exchange for all or a portion of the shares of the spun-off entity/ new entity to be formed to hold the asset.
Actual Pay
The base pay plus all other accrued increases determined for the employee in exchange for efforts made at work, or for risks associated with the performance of work, or as determined by the Employer for work performed under the employment contract or the employment regulation system.
Debt-Based Debt Instrument
A debt instrument issued by a special purpose entity that provides that the holders of the debt instrument are entitled to returns that are not dependent on the returns earned on the assets of the special purpose entity, that the sponsor is obligated (whether by guarantee or otherwise) to the holders of the debt instrument to pay them amounts due under the debt instrument, and that the nominal value of the debt instrument is paid to the holders of the debt instrument on or before the maturity date of the debt instrument.
Asset-Backed Debt Instrument
A debt instrument issued by a special purposes entity where the entitlement of holders of the debt instrument to a return is wholly dependent on the returns generated by the special purposes entity’s assets; and the sponsor is not obliged to the holders of the debt instrument (whether by guarantee or otherwise) to pay any amounts due on the debt instrument.
Bidding Method
Determining the type of competition, which can either be an open competition for offering the government entity's needs to all suppliers and contractors without specification, or a limited competition: inviting a specified number of contractors and suppliers to fulfill the government entity's needs.
Intangible Assets
Non-cash assets, without physical substance, capable of providing the firm with services or benefits in the future, and in which the firm has acquired the right as a result of events that have occurred or operations that have been completed in the past. Intangible assets could be separately identifiable (could be separated from other assets), such as formation costs, trademarks, copyrights, industrial samples and designs, franchises and licenses. Intangible assets could also be unidentifiable in a separate manner such as goodwill, management skills and qualifications, and other factors which constitute the reputation.
Financial Sector Development Program (FSDP)
One of the programs of Saudi Vision 2030. It aims to diversify sources of income, increase the culture of saving, and provide various financing methods and investment projects. It also plays a fundamental and essential role in transforming the Saudi financial sector into a powerhouse for economic growth and diversification, through the establishment of a vibrant and efficient financial sector.
Electronic Notes/E-Invoice Modifications
Debit and credit notes that must be issued in accordance with the VAT Law and its Implementing Regulation, and which are issued in a structured electronic format through electronic means. Paper notes that are converted into electronic format through copying, scanning, or any other method, are not considered electronic notes for the purposes of this Regulation.
Budget Preparation Escalation Plan
A plan aimed at controlling the implementation of any request submitted to the ministry, for example the state’s general budget preparation project, to be done in a correct manner and within the specified time frame. The escalation plan includes the procedures followed and the models used to implement these actions, such as escalation letters.
Public Goods
Products that are not provided in a purely free market are those that have two special characteristics: non-rivalry which means that consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount available to others, and non-excludability which means that once the good (or service) is provided, individuals cannot be prevented from consuming it even if they do not pay for it.
Equity Securities
Any financial instrument issued by a legal entity, representing a legal ownership or financial right of a person in that entity or its project. This includes shares, equity stakes, and any document representing participation in the capital or entitlement to profits or part thereof, and some of these instruments, such as contribution bonds, may be tradable.
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